L2 currently have indeed some weak spots: - still not stage 2 / inheriting L1 security - force inclusion not broadly adopted in wallets - interoperability still in early stages Thing is all this is common knowledge, worked on since few years and will be largely solved next few months. L2 scalability already on par with closest L1 competitor. When MegaETH launches in next few weeks competing L1 tps will be shattered with it's 100k+ realtime tps. Stage 2 / L2s having L1 security: Lighter CEO said high priority for him, perhaps even in 2025. As soon as first L2 got there others will follow very quickly. Because they must to not fall behind. Force inclusion recently got lots of attention with first easy to use solution for OP chains already in place. Think matter of months until broadly adopted. Interoperability: solution already in place with ERC 7683, only needs adoption. Think largely matter of incentives, personally assume 2026 we see good progress. EIL will tackle this issue more broadly but will likely take longer. Where does this lead us: next few months / during 2026 L2s will have solved all outstanding issues, making ETH ecosystem most secure, most scalable, most mature, most innovative (L2s / EigenCloud) by 10x. Main differentiator will be culture of competing ecosystems. In my opinion only Solana has there an edge with it's more degen culture. For everybody else hard times will come. Just my 2 cents. Endgame is ETH.